| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Step Up and Down (StUD) |
| First Description |
Almeida GPL, Monteiro IO, Dantas RGO, Tavares MLA, Lima POP. Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Step Up and Down (StUD) test for individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021 Dec;56:102454 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Functional status, Impact of disease |
| Population/Disease | Disease specific |
| Originally developed for | Osteoarthritis (OA) |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
--- |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
No |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | --- |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Almeida GPL, Monteiro IO, Dantas RGO, Tavares MLA, Lima POP. |
| Title | Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Step Up and Down (StUD) test for individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. |
| Journal | Musculoskelet Sci Pract |
| Year | 2021 |
| Vol | 56 |
| Num | --- |
| Pages | 102454 |
| Country | Brazil |
| Language | English |
| Other references of interest | |
| No other References. | |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| No other References. | |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | Gabriel Peixoto Leão Almeida |
| gabriel_alm@ufc.br | |
| Address | Physical Therapy Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. |
| Website | --- |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Performance-based instrument |
| Brief Description |
Feasible one-step Stair climbing test (SCT) that assesses the individual’s performance with a single-leg test that can be completed in 15s. In StUD test, the patient performs the maximum number of step-updown repetitions within a 15s period. The 15s period was suggested because it is similar to the time reached in the 11- to 12-step SCT by individuals with KOA. |
| Number of Items | 1 |
| Range | power (W) = [(weight in kg)*(9.8 m/s2 )* (number of complete repetitions*0.18m)]/15s |
| Responses options/scale |
No |
| Developed for | --- |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Interviewer/assessor |
| Recommendations to score |
The examiner stands to the side of the step for safety and so that he/she can observe the technique and can ensure that the participant comes to full step up and down during the test. From the standing position, the participant steps up completely, leading with the test-leg followed by the non-testing leg so that both knees are fully extended and both hips are at least in neutral extension. The participant then steps off the step with the non-testing limb followed by the testing limb in order to stress the testing limb concentrically and eccentrically. For example, when testing the right leg, the test would be performed in this manner: up with the right, up with the left; down with the left, down with the right. Repeat for 15 s as quickly as possible . If the person is not able to step up even once, the use of a contralateral handrail is allowed. The activity is scored as an adapted test, and the same procedure is used for interlimb comparisons. StUD test was first performed on the asymptomatic or less symptomatic knee; thereafter, it was performed on the symptomatic knee with a 1-min interval between the measurements. When an individual was unable to perform fully the test (both feet up and both feet down), the score was considered 0. We calculated the power of the StUD test with the following formula: power (W) = [(weight in kg)*(9.8 m/s2 )* (number of complete repetitions*0.18m)]/15s |
| Score Interpretation | Higher scores indicate better functionality |
| Cut-off points | Future studies with a wide age range of people with no pain or a history of knee injuries should also be carried out to determine cutoff points for healthy baseline. |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | 00:00:15 minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | - minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Easy to use |
| Limitations | --- |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments |
StUD is a useful performance-based test of physical function in individuals with symptomatic KOA, requiring a reduced space and having easy applicability in clinical and research routines |