| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) |
| First Description |
Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ. Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 May;10(5):348-54. |
| Year | 2008 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Drug adherence |
| Population/Disease | Generic |
| Originally developed for | Any RMD |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Gout, Spondyloarthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Any RMD |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
No |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | Korean, Turkish, Thai, Portuguese, German, Arabic, Malay, Spanish, Chinese |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ |
| Title | Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. |
| Journal | J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) |
| Year | 2008 |
| Vol | 10 |
| Num | 5 |
| Pages | 348-54 |
| Country | USA |
| Language | English |
| Other references of interest | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29190693/ |
| Brief Description |
Criterion validity of 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in patients with asthma |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26051923/ |
| Brief Description |
Comparison of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale with therapeutic drug monitoring in apparent treatment-resistant hypertension |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33578034/ |
| Brief Description |
The adherence questionnaires in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and their psychometric properties: A systematic literature review |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24268603/ |
| Brief Description |
The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale: validation of a Brazilian-Portuguese version in hypertensive adults |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26750162/ |
| Brief Description |
Reliability and known-group validity of the Arabic version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24813538/ |
| Brief Description |
Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale in myocardial infarction patients |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | Donald E Morisky |
| dmorisky@ucla.edu | |
| Address | Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA |
| Website | --- |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Scale |
| Brief Description |
The MMMAS is a validated assessment tool used to measure non-adherence in a variety of patient populations. The self-reported measure of medication taking was developed from a previously validated 4-item scale and supplemented with additional items addressing the circumstances surrounding adherence behavior. Each item measures a specific medication-taking behavior and not a determinant of adherence behavior. Response categories are yes/no for each item with a dichotomous response and a 5-point Likert response for the last item. |
| Number of Items | 8 |
| Range | 0-8 |
| Responses options/scale |
Yes yes/no |
| Developed for | Both |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Interviewer/assessor, Self-administered |
| Recommendations to score | --- |
| Score Interpretation | Higher scores indicate higher adherence |
| Cut-off points | Highly adherent patient: 8 ; medium adherers: 6 to <8; low adherers: <6 |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | - minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | - minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Easy to use, Useful in clinical practice & research, Widely used |
| Limitations | Copyrighted |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments |
The MMAS-8 was found to be valid for assessing medication adherence and predicting health outcomes in patients with different diseases, such as hypertension or asthma. |