| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Lebanese Osteoporosis Knowledge Scale (LOKS-19) |
| First Description |
Hallit S, El Hage C, Hajj A, Salameh P, Sacre H, Rahme C, Akel M, Dagher E. Construction and validation of the Lebanese Osteoporosis Knowledge Scale among a representative sample of Lebanese women. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Feb;31(2):379-389. |
| Year | 2020 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Disease knowledge |
| Population/Disease | Disease specific |
| Originally developed for | Osteoporosis (OP) |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
--- |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
No |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | English, Arabic |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Hallit S, El Hage C, Hajj A, Salameh P, Sacre H, Rahme C, Akel M, Dagher E. |
| Title | Construction and validation of the Lebanese Osteoporosis Knowledge Scale among a representative sample of Lebanese women. |
| Journal | Osteoporos Int |
| Year | 2020 |
| Vol | 31 |
| Num | 2 |
| Pages | 379-389 |
| Country | Lebanon |
| Language | English |
| Other references of interest | |
| No other References. | |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| No other References. | |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | Souheil Hallit |
| souheilhallit@hotmail.com | |
| Address | Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon |
| Website | --- |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Scale |
| Brief Description |
This scale assesses symptoms, knowledge, and risk of osteoporosis in Lebanish women over 40 years old. Questions from this scale were retrieved from four widely used scales on knowledge of osteoporosis: The Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT), The Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT), The Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ), and The Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz (FOOQ) The questionnaire included two parts: the first one (Part 1) consisted of 22 questions related to the sociodemographic characteristics of participants: Mohafaza, age, family monthly income, level of education (illiterate, primary, complementary, secondary, and university), history of personal and familial diseases (including osteoporosis) and surgeries, presence or absence of menopause, lifestyle (physical activity and exercise, drinking and smoking habits), information about any current disease and medications used. The second part (Part 2) collected information about osteoporosis knowledge and was segmented into three sections: “Definition of Osteoporosis,” “Risk Factors of Osteoporosis,” and “Preventive Measures.” |
| Number of Items | 45 (Part 1 = 22; Part 2= 23) |
| Range | 0-23 |
| Responses options/scale |
Yes - |
| Developed for | --- |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Self-administered |
| Recommendations to score |
Each question is given 1 point per correct answer and 0 when the answer is wrong or when the participant answers with “I don’t know.” The “I don’t know” option was added to prevent participants from responding randomly when they don’t know the correct answer |
| Score Interpretation | Higher scores indicate higher disease knowledge |
| Cut-off points | Poor knowledge: <12; Good knowledge: Score ≥ 13 |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | <10 minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | <10 minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Easy to use |
| Limitations | --- |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments |
The questionnaire had a 58.4 readability for Flesch. If the word osteoporosis was replaced by the term “thin bones,” the ease of reading increased to 72.1. The index of difficulty for most items was satisfactory (between 0.22 and 0.93). Nine items scored above 0.75, showing that most subjects answered these questions correctly. The correlation factors ranged from 0.217 to 0.562 for individual items. It is noteworthy to add that all factors were highly and significantly correlated with the whole scale with p < 0.001.
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