| MEASUREMENT PROPERTIES | |
| Limitations | >=5 European languages (English) |
| Observations |
The recommended script for clinicians is “These faces show how much something can hurt. This face [point to face on far left] shows no pain. The faces show more and more pain [point to each from left to right] up to this one [point to face on far right]—it shows very much pain. Point to the face that shows how much you hurt [right now].” Do not use words such as “happy” or “sad” when explaining the tool to the child. The FPS-R is designed to measure how children feel inside, not how their face looks. |
| 1. RELIABILITY | |
| A. Internal Consistency | Not Tested |
| Cronbach's (Describe) | |
| B. Reliability intraobserver or test-retest | Tested |
| Continuous scores: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) Dichotomus: Cohen kappa (Describe) |
Test-retest reliability of the FPS-R was assessed in a sample of 40 children aged 4 to 17 years with an existing painful condition (eg, abdominal pain or back pain). Pain assessments were conducted at least 30 minutes apart. Among children who reported that their pain was about the same prior to the second pain assessment, the repeatability coefficient was ±0.53 using the Bland-Altman method. The authors described these data as indicating an acceptable degree of test-retest reliability |
| C. Reliability interobserver or Measurement error | Not Tested |
| Standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC) or Limits of agreement (LoA) (Describe) |
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| 2. VALIDITY | |
| A. Content validity: face validity | Not Tested |
| Expert opinion (relevance and comprehensiveness) (Describe) |
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| B. Construct Validity: Structural validity |
Not Tested |
| Hypotheses-testing | Tested |
| Cross-cultural validity | Not Tested |
| Brief Description | |
| C. Criterion validity | Tested |
| Comparison with a 'gold standard' Continuous scores: correlations, ROC curves Dichotomus: Sensitivity & Specificity (Describe) |
Hicks et al demonstrated evidence of convergent validity of the FPS-R in a hospitalized sample of 90 children aged 4 to 12 years with a variety of painful conditions, including arthritis |