| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) |
| First Description |
Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1994 Mar;23(2):129-38. |
| Year | 1994 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Pain |
| Population/Disease | Generic |
| Originally developed for | Any RMD |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
--- |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
Yes Cancer populations |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | French, Slovak, Norwegian, Italian, Spanish, Amharic, Slovenian, Russian, English, Turkish, Chinese, Czech, Japanese, Croatian, Romanian, Arabic, Greek, Filipino, German, Korean |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Cleeland CS, Ryan KM |
| Title | Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory |
| Journal | Ann Acad Med Singap |
| Year | 1994 |
| Vol | 23 |
| Num | 2 |
| Pages | 129-38 |
| Country | US |
| Language | English |
| Other references of interest | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26303366/ |
| Brief Description |
The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15322437/ |
| Brief Description |
Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with non-cancer pain |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33091243/ |
| Brief Description |
Measures for the Assessment of Pain in Adults |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12570914/ |
| Brief Description |
Validation of the Spanish version of the Brief Pain Inventory in patients with oncological pain |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12547051/ |
| Brief Description |
The Norwegian brief pain inventory questionnaire: translation and validation in cancer pain patients |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36131337/ |
| Brief Description |
Evaluating the validity of the Amharic Brief Pain Inventory among people with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain in Ethiopia. |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | Charles S. Cleeland |
| symptomresearch@mdanderson.org | |
| Address | MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1450, Houston, TX 77030 |
| Website | https://www.mdanderson.org/research/departments-labs-institutes/departments-divisions/symptom-research/symptom-assessment-tools/brief-pain-inventory.html |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Score |
| Brief Description |
The BPI assesses the presence of pain, pain intensity (worst, least, average, and current), pain location (body map), and the impact of pain interference on general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relationships with others, sleep, and life enjoyment. It also assists in documenting the types of pain medications being used and the amount of relief provided by those medications and other pain treatments. Item 1 asks about the presence of pain (yes/no). Item 2 is a body map and asks the respondent to shade all areas of pain and to then place an X on the area that hurts the most. Items 3 to 6 (pain intensity items: worst, least, average, and current) utilize an 11-point rating scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine). Item 7 is an open-ended response field for listing pain medications. Item 8 (percentage of pain relief from medications or pain treatments) uses a 0% (no relief) to 100% (complete relief) response scale. Item 9 has seven parts representing different aspects of pain interference (general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relationships with others, sleep, and life enjoyment). |
| Number of Items | 15 |
| Range | 0-10 |
| Responses options/scale |
Yes Item 1: yes/no; item 2: Shade areas of pain; items 3-6: 11-point rating scale; item 7: open-ended response; item 8: 0-100%; item 9: between 0-10 |
| Developed for | Clinical practice, Research |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Self-administered, Interviewer/assessor |
| Recommendations to score |
Some of the items represent single-item values and do not require scoring (eg, pain relief). The pain severity score is obtained by calculating the mean of the four pain severity items. The pain interference score is obtained by calculating the mean of the seven pain interference items. The BPI is easily scored by hand. The pain severity score ranges between 0 and 10. The pain interference score similarly has a range of 0 to 10. |
| Score Interpretation | Larger values represents greater pain severity |
| Cut-off points | --- |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | 5 minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | <5 minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Easy to use, Useful in clinical practice & research |
| Limitations | --- |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments | --- |