Detailled Information

Budiman-Mak E, Conrad K, Stuck R, Matters M. Theoretical model and Rasch analysis to develop a revised Foot Function Index. Foot Ankle Int. 2006 Jul;27(7):519-27.

Measurement properties of the most commonly used Foot- and Ankle-Specific Questionnaires: the FFI, FAOS and FAAM. A systematic review

A review of the foot function index and the foot function index - revised

Measures of Foot Pain, Foot Function, and General Foot Health

Adaptation and Validation of the Foot Function Index-Revised Short Form into Polish

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the foot function index - revised (FFI-R)

Validation of the Turkish version of the Revised Foot Function Index for patients with foot and ankle disorders

The Foot Function Index (FFI) was developed in 1991 to measure the impact of foot pathology on function in terms of pain, disability, and activity restriction. In 2006, the FFI was revised (FFI‐R) to evaluate four domains: pain and stiffness (20 items), difficulty (20 items), activity limitation (9 items), and social/emotional issues (19 items) 

The FFI‐R uses a 4‐point Likert scale from 1 (“no pain,” “no stiffness,” “no difficulty,” and “none of the time”) to 4 (“severe pain,” “severe stiffness,” “severe difficulty,” “all of the time,” and “most of the time”). A score of 5 can be selected for items that are not applicable. The original version of the FFI‐R used a 6‐point Likert scale, but this was revised to the current 4‐point scale in 2013.

Scores for each subscale are summed then divided by the maximum total score for the subscale items that the patient indicated were applicable, after which they are multiplied by 100 and reported as a percentage. The pain and stiffness subscale scores should be combined and reported as a single pain/stiffness score, despite the outcome measure indicating that each subscale has an individual score. The scoring of pain and stiffness as separate subscales was revised during the development of the FFI‐R.