| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) |
| First Description |
Miller RP, Kori S, Todd D. The Tampa Scale: a measure of kinesiophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7(1):51–52. |
| Year | 1991 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Fear of movement and (re)injury |
| Population/Disease | Disease specific |
| Originally developed for | --- |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
Fibromyalgia (FM), Low Back Pain (LBP) |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
No |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | Dutch, English, French, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Kori SH, Miller RP, Todd DD. |
| Title | Kinesophobia: a new view of chronic pain behaviour. |
| Journal | Pain Manage |
| Year | 1990 |
| Vol | Jan/Feb |
| Num | --- |
| Pages | 35-43 |
| Country | USA |
| Language | English |
| Other references of interest | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12586559/ |
| Brief Description |
Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14770050/ |
| Brief Description |
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: invariant two-factor model across low back pain patients and fibromyalgia patients. |
| Link | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154068/ |
| Brief Description |
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and neck pain, disability and range of motion: a narrative review of the literature |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| Link | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S15265 … |
| Brief Description |
This article presents the Spanish version of the TSK. |
| Link | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0959398049045300 … |
| Brief Description |
A psychometric evaluation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia – from a physiotherapeutic perspective. This article presents the Swedish version of the TSK. |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | RP Miller |
| --- | |
| Address | Pain management program, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA |
| Website | --- |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Questionnaire |
| Brief Description |
The TSK is a 17-item measure that assesses fear of movement/(re)injury (FOM/(R)I) beliefs. It evaluates the patient’s fear of movement and (re)injury (FOM/(R)I) beliefs using 4-point Likert scales with scoring alternatives ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” A shortened 11-item version was also published by Woby et al. in 2005. The TSK-11 retains items: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15 and 17 from the original scale and their scoring. TSK-11 is one of the most frequently employed measures for assessing pain-related fear in back pain patients. |
| Number of Items | 17/11 |
| Range | 17 to 68 |
| Responses options/scale |
No |
| Developed for | --- |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Self-administered |
| Recommendations to score |
Patients rate each item on a 4-point Likert scale with scoring alternatives ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’. Items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7,9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17 are scored as follows: Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Agree (3), Strongly agree (4). Items 4, 8, 12 and 16 are scored on the inverted scale: Strongly disagree (4), Disagree (3), Agree (2), Strongly agree (1). Total scores range from 17 to 68. |
| Score Interpretation | Higher scores reflect greater fear of movement/(re)injury. Scores of 17 indicate no kinesiophobia and scores of 68 indicate extreme fear of pain with movement. |
| Cut-off points | 37 for high scores, with scores below this value considered low. |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | - minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | - minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Useful in clinical practice & research |
| Limitations | Copyrighted |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments | --- |