| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA) |
| First Description |
Jensen MP, Karoly P, Huger R. The development and preliminary validation of an instrument to assess patients' attitudes toward pain. J Psychosom Res. 1987;31(3):393-400 |
| Year | 1987 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Coping & helplessness, Pain, Self-management |
| Population/Disease | Generic |
| Originally developed for | --- |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
--- |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
No |
| Language: Originally published in | --- |
| Available in Language | English, French, Greek, Portuguese, Spanish |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Jensen MP, Karoly P, Huger R. |
| Title | The development and preliminary validation of an instrument to assess patients' attitudes toward pain. |
| Journal | J Psychosom Res. |
| Year | 1987 |
| Vol | 31 |
| Num | 3 |
| Pages | 393-400 |
| Country | --- |
| Language | --- |
| Other references of interest | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7936708/ |
| Brief Description |
This study sought to replicate and extend previous research that has examined the relationship between pain-specific beliefs and adjustment to chronic pain using the SOPA questionnaire. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1784498/ |
| Brief Description |
A review of the literature that examines the relationships among beliefs, coping, and adjustment to chronic pain. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1534165/ |
| Brief Description |
This study examined the SOPA in terms of internal consistency, discriminant validity, factor structure, construct validity and sensitivity to age and gender effects. |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| Link | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088539241 … |
| Brief Description |
Validation of the SOPA in Chinese |
| Link | https://www.physiotherapyjournal.com/article/S0031-9406(15)0 … |
| Brief Description |
Reliability and validity of the survey pain attitudes in Greek population |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | M. P. Jensen |
| mjensen@uw.edu | |
| Address | Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA |
| Website | --- |
| Available | Copyrighted |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Questionnaire |
| Brief Description |
The SOPA is a reliable and valid measure of pain-related belief, consisting on a scale that has seven subscales: Control, Disability, Harm-exercise (accepts pain means damage and activity can increase damage), Emotion, Medication, Solicitude and Medical Care. First version of SOPA (24-items) developed in 1987. Final version obtained after revisions in 1989 and 2001. |
| Number of Items | The longer version of the scale has 57 items but a reduced version with 30 items is also available. |
| Range | 0-4 |
| Responses options/scale |
No |
| Developed for | --- |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Online/Mail based, Self-administered |
| Recommendations to score |
Complex scoring (computer-based) on a SOPA Score software. |
| Score Interpretation | Items can be rated with ‘0 = very untrue for me’ to ‘4 = very true for me’. |
| Cut-off points | --- |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | 0 minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | 0 minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Useful in clinical practice & research |
| Limitations | --- |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments | --- |