| Name of the Instrument/Tool | Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) |
| First Description |
Rosenstiel AK, Keefe FJ. The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: Relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain. 1983;17:33–44 |
| Year | 1983 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Coping & helplessness, Self efficacy |
| Population/Disease | Disease specific |
| Originally developed for | --- |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
Fibromyalgia (FM), Low Back Pain (LBP), Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
Yes Cancer pain |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | English, French, German, Italian, Spanish |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Swimmer GI, Robinson ME, Geisser ME. |
| Title | Relationship of MMPI cluster type, pain coping strategy and treatment outcome. |
| Journal | Clin J Pain |
| Year | 1992 |
| Vol | 8 |
| Num | --- |
| Pages | 131-7 |
| Country | --- |
| Language | --- |
| Other references of interest | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9084951/ |
| Brief Description |
In this study, the CSQ was subjected to item-level exploratory factor analysis. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29258726/ |
| Brief Description |
This SLR aims to to identify, appraise and synthesise the outcome measures used to assess self-management in patients with chronic pain |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| Link | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4158961/#b3-prm … |
| Brief Description |
Italian validation of the CSQ. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18514150/ |
| Brief Description |
French validation of the CSQ. |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | Michael Robinson |
| merobin@ufl.edu | |
| Address | Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida |
| Website | --- |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Questionnaire |
| Brief Description |
The original CSQ is a 50-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess 6 cognitive coping responses to pain and 2 behavioral responses. This scale measures how frequently the six cognitive coping strategies (ignoring pain, reinterpretation, diverting attention, self-statements, catastrophising, praying/hoping) and two behavioural coping (increasing activity and increasing pain behaviour- overt pain behaviours that decrease pain) are used; and includes two single item questions on how effective each of these coping Although it had good reliability and validity, it showed an unstable structure that has been hypothesized to be mainly due to difficulties in measuring differences in cognition between different clinical settings, disorders and pain problems. In 1996, an exploratory factor analysis of a large sample of subjects with chronic pain suggested a six-factor solution that was relatively supportive of the original scales, and showed satisfactory reliability and construct validity (CSQ-R). It was then refined, and decreased from the original 50-item questionnaire to a more ‘user-friendly’ 14-item version. The shorter CSQ has been proven to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing coping strategies for patients with chronic pain. |
| Number of Items | 50/ 14 |
| Range | --- |
| Responses options/scale |
Yes 7 |
| Developed for | Both |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Self-administered |
| Recommendations to score |
Subjects rate the frequency of their use of each coping strategy on a 7-point Likert-type scale, from "Never do that" to "Always do that." Subjects also rate, on a similar 7-point Likert scale, their perceived control over their pain and their ability to decrease their pain based on their use of their endorsed strategies. |
| Score Interpretation | Each subscale has a maximum score of 36 and a minimum score of 0. An additional two single item questions each with a scoring range of 0–6 are used as effectiveness ratings of control over pain and ability to decrease pain. |
| Cut-off points | --- |
| Cut-off points applied to | --- |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | 5 minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | 0 minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Easy to use |
| Limitations | Copyrighted, Lengthy |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments | --- |