| Name of the Instrument/Tool | The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) |
| First Description |
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. |
| Year | 1983 |
| Domains | |
| Concept of constructs | Anxiety and depression |
| Population/Disease | Generic |
| Originally developed for | --- |
| Other rheumatic diseases where can be applied (only if validated) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Fibromyalgia (FM), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
| Additional population with no rheumatic diseases |
Yes Multiple populations/diseases |
| Language: Originally published in | English |
| Available in Language | Slovenian, Bulgarian, Dutch, Lithuanian, Finnish, Hungarian, Croatian, Czech, Portuguese, English, German, Norwegian, Serbian, Greek, Romanian, Russian, Danish, Maltese, French, Spanish, Slovak, Polish, Swedish, Italian, Chinese |
| REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION | |
| Author/s | Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. |
| Title | Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory |
| Journal | Consulting Psychologists Press |
| Year | 1983 |
| Vol | --- |
| Num | --- |
| Pages | --- |
| Country | United States of America |
| Language | English |
| Other references of interest | |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11886968/ |
| Brief Description |
Ward MM, Marx AS, Barry NN. Psychological distress and changes in the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:184–8. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15188326/ |
| Brief Description |
VanDyke MM, Parker JC, Smarr KL, Hewett JE, Johnson GE, Slaughter JR, et al. Anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51: 408–12 |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16021666/ |
| Brief Description |
Kvaal K, Ulstein I, Nordhus IH, Engedal K. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI): the state scale in detecting mental disorders in geriatric patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;20(7):629-34. |
| Instrument/Tool Translations References | |
| Link | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20189864 |
| Brief Description |
Le Gal M, Mainguy Y, Le Lay K, Nadjar A, Allain D, Galissié M. Linguistic validation of six patient-reported outcomes instruments into 12 languages for patients with fibromyalgia. Joint Bone Spine. 2010 Mar;77(2):165-70 |
| Link | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188326 |
| Brief Description |
VanDyke MM, Parker JC, Smarr KL, Hewett JE, Johnson GE, Slaughter JR, et al. Anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51: 408–12. |
| Link | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33091269/ |
| Brief Description |
Kwan A, Bingham K, Touma Z. Measures of Anxiety in Rheumatic Diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 Oct;72 Suppl 10:630-644. |
| DEVELOPER CONTACT INFORMATION | |
| Correspondence to | Kari Kvaal |
| kari.Kvaal@medisin.uio.no | |
| Address | --- |
| Website | --- |
| Available | --- |
| Links | --- |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT | |
| Type Of Measure | Questionnaire |
| Brief Description |
STAI is a self-report outcome measure designed to assess the presence and severity of current symptoms of anxiety and a generalized propensity to be anxious. It contains 2 subscales within this measure: the State Anxiety Scale (S-Anxiety) which evaluates the current state of anxiety, asking how respondents feel “right now,” using items that measure subjective feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, worry, and activation/ arousal of the autonomic nervous system and the trait Anxiety Scale (T-Anxiety) which evaluates relatively stable aspects of “anxiety proneness,” including general states of calmness, confidence, and security. Versions of this measure are available for both adults and children. |
| Number of Items | 40 (20 items for each subscale) |
| Range | 20-80 (for each subtest) |
| Responses options/scale |
Yes 4 point Likert Scale (0=not at all; 3=severely). |
| Developed for | Both |
| PRACTICAL APPLICATION | |
| Method of administration | Self-administered |
| Recommendations to score |
Item scores are added to obtain subtest total scores. Scoring should be reversed for anxiety-absent items (19 items of the total 40). More information on how to administer or to score can be found on the website: http://www.mindgarden.com/ index.htm. |
| Score Interpretation | Higher score indicates greater anxiety |
| Cut-off points | A cut point of 39–40 has been suggested to detect clinically significant symptoms for the S-Anxiety scale No cut scores have been validated for rheumatic disease populations. |
| Cut-off points applied to | Not specified |
| Smallest detectable change if described | --- |
| Smallest detectable change applied to | --- |
| Completion time by the patient | 10 minutes |
| Scoring time by the assessor | - minutes |
| Training to score | Not necessary |
| Strengths | Useful in clinical practice & research, Widely used |
| Limitations | Copyrighted |
| OTHER COMMENTS | |
| Other Comments |
The instrument is copyrighted. For information on its use, please contact http://www.mindgarden.com/products/staisad.htm#data |